Töleg konturynyň KPI: auth, capture, refund

TL; DR

Töleg kontury huni hökmünde ölçelýär: 'Attempt → Auth → Capture → Settle/Refund'. Esasy metrikler diňe bir "Approval Rate" däl, eýsem arassa AR-lar (antifroddan we 3DS-den soň), capture üstünligi, hasapdan çykarylmaga/hasaba alynmaga çenli wagt, bahasy/FX, idempotentlik ýalňyşlyklary we yzyna gaýtarmagyň hili (TtR we rate). Her kim AR ↑, TtW ↓, Cost/GGR ↓, Disputes ↓ töwekgelçilik profilini bozman ýeňýär.

1) Tapgyrlaryň we wakalaryň sözlügi

Attempt - töleg synanyşygy (başlangyç).
Auth - ygtyýarlandyrma (bank/gapjyk/relsler hasapdan çykarmak mümkinçiligini tassyklady).
Capture - hakyky hasapdan çykarmak (doly/bölekleýin).
Settle - kliring we hasaplamalar.
Refund - yzyna gaýtarmak (doly/bölekleýin), 'TtR = time to refund credit'.
Void - capture çenli ýatyrylýar (eger goldanylsa).
3DS/Step-up - ygtyýarnamada friksiýa.
Soft Decline/Hard Decline - dikeldip bolmaýan/dikeldip bolmaýan şowsuzlyklar.

2) KPI iýerarhiýasy (maksat agajy)

Ýokarky dereje

Gross Approval Rate (AR_gross) = Auth/Attempt

Net Approval Rate (AR_net) = Captured/Attempt

Cost/GGR = (Fees + FX + Ops)/GGR

TTW/TtC: Time-to-Wallet (netijeler), TtC (capture) p95

Refund Health: Refund Rate, TtR p95, Refund Error Rate

Orta dereje

3DS Challenge Share, Frictionless Share, Abandon on 3DS

Soft Decline Recovery Rate

Partial Capture Share, Capture Latency

Refund to Source %, Duplicate/Idempotency Incidents

Aşaky dereje (diagnostika)

Kodlar boýunça ýalňyşlyklar (ISO/rels), p95 gizlinlik API, SLA webhuk, "Do Not Honor", "Insufficient Funds", "Suspected Fraud", "System Error" paýy.

3) Formulalar (takyk kesgitlemeler)

3. 1 Ygtyýarnama

`AR_gross = Auth_Approved / Auth_Attempted`

`AR_clean = Auth_Approved / (Auth_Attempted - Fraud_Preblocked - User_Abandon_3DS)`

`3DS_Challenge_Share = 3DS_Challenge / 3DS_Total`

`3DS_Frictionless_Share = 3DS_Frictionless / 3DS_Total`

`Abandon_on_3DS = 3DS_Started - 3DS_Completed`

Kesişler hökmanydyr: 'BIN × country', 'provider × method', 'device/os', 'ticket _ size' (mysal üçin ≤ €50, €50-200,> €200).

3. 2 Hasapdan çykarmak (capture)

`Capture_Success = Captured_Tx / Capture_Attempted_Tx`

`Net_Conversion = Captured_Tx / Auth_Attempted_Tx` (= AR_net)

`Partial_Capture_Share = Partial_Captures / Captured_Tx`

`Capture_Latency_p95 = p95(capture_timestamp - auth_timestamp)`

`Void_Rate = Voids / Auth_Approved`

3. 3 Bahasy we FX

`Cost_per_Tx = Fee_fixed + AmountFee_pct + FX_Spread`

`Cost/GGR = ΣCost / GGR`

`Net_Revenue = GGR - ΣCost - Fraud_Loss - Disputes_Cost`

3. 4 Yzyna gaýtarmak (refund)

`Refund_Rate = Refunded_Tx / Captured_Tx`

`Refund_Amount_Ratio = Refunded_Amount / Captured_Amount`

`TtR_p95 = p95(refund_credit_at - refund_initiated_at)`

`Refund_Error_Rate = Refund_Failed / Refund_Attempted`

`Refund_to_Source_% = Refund_to_Original_Method / Total_Refunds`

'Double _ Refund _ Incidents' - dempotent gapma-garşylyklary hasaplaýjy (= 0 bolmaly)

4) Maksatlar/görkezmeler (anyk bukjanyň aşagyna düzülip düzülýär)

AR_gross: 3DS2 kartlary - 82-92% (BIN/ýurt boýunça), A2A - 90% (başlangyç), talonlar - 95% (redeem).
Capture_Success: 98. 5% + (janly webhuklarda we retralarda).
TtC p95: ≤ 5 min (awto-capture kartoçkalary), ≤ 90 sek (instant A2A/RTP).
Refund Error: < 0. 3%; TtR p95: ≤ T + 1 bank. gün (kartoçkalar), ≤ 60 sek (instant rails).
Refund_to_Source%: ≥ 95% (relsler goldaýar).
Idempotency Incidents: = 0; Webhook SLA: ≥ 99. 9%, p95 < 3 c.

("Bazar bahalary" däl-de, içerki SLO üçin amaly maksatly koridorlar.)

5) Segmentasiýa we atributiýa

KPI 'country', 'method _ group', 'provider', 'BIN', 'device/os', 'ticket _ size', 'risk _ segment', 'kyc _ tier', 'affiliate', 'new _ vs _ returning' bölümlerine serediň.

Cohort AR: AR ilkinji töleg kodlary boýunça (D0/D7/D30).
Route AR: 'PSP _ A → PSP _ B failover' ugurlary boýunça AR.
Töwekgelçilik-aware AR: AR töwekgelçilik segmentleri boýunça (step-up-dan soň).
BIN-heatmap: ejiz emitentler → aýry-aýry retraý düzgünleri/3DS.

6) Maglumatlar modeli (BI üçin tekiz gatlak)

payment_id, user_id, country, provider, method_code, action(deposit/refund),
attempt_ts, auth_status, auth_code, auth_ts,
three_ds(flow, started_ts, completed_ts, challenge_flag),
capture_status, capture_amount, capture_ts, partial_flag,
refund_status, refund_amount, refund_initiated_ts, refund_credit_ts,
fees_fixed, fees_pct, fx_spread, currency, amount,
risk_segment, kyc_tier, bin, asn, device_os, ticket_bucket

Açar - idempotent 'payment _ key' tapgyra we 'idempotency _ key' refund.

7) SQL dilimleri (mysal)

7. 1 Gündelik AR we Capture

sql
WITH base AS (
SELECT
DATE_TRUNC('day', attempt_ts) d,
country, provider, method_code,
COUNT() FILTER (WHERE auth_status='ATTEMPTED') AS auth_attempted,
COUNT() FILTER (WHERE auth_status='APPROVED') AS auth_approved,
COUNT() FILTER (WHERE capture_status='CAPTURED') AS captured_tx
FROM payments_flat
WHERE action='deposit'
GROUP BY 1,2,3,4
)
SELECT d, country, provider, method_code,
auth_approved::decimal / NULLIF(auth_attempted,0) AS ar_gross,
captured_tx::decimal / NULLIF(auth_attempted,0)  AS ar_net
FROM base;

7. 2 Refund saglyk

sql
SELECT
DATE_TRUNC('day', refund_initiated_ts) d,
country, provider, method_code,
COUNT() FILTER (WHERE refund_status='ATTEMPTED') AS refund_attempted,
COUNT() FILTER (WHERE refund_status='SUCCESS')  AS refund_success,
PERCENTILE_CONT(0.95) WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY EXTRACT(EPOCH FROM (refund_credit_ts - refund_initiated_ts))) AS ttr_p95_sec
FROM payments_flat
WHERE action='refund'
GROUP BY 1,2,3,4;

7. 3 3DS sürtülme

sql
SELECT country, provider,
COUNT() FILTER (WHERE three_ds.flow IS NOT NULL) AS three_ds_total,
COUNT() FILTER (WHERE three_ds.challenge_flag)  AS three_ds_challenge,
COUNT() FILTER (WHERE three_ds.flow='FRICTIONLESS') AS three_ds_frictionless
FROM payments_flat
WHERE action='deposit'
GROUP BY 1,2;

8) Daşbord (hökmany widjetler)

1. Funnel: Attempt → Auth → Capture (mutlak we öwrülişiklerde).
2. AR heatmap: по `country×provider` и `BIN×country`.
3. 3DS Quality: Challenge/Frictionless/Abandon.
4. Capture Latency p50/p95 и Webhook SLA.
5. Refund Health: Refund Rate, TtR p95, Refund Error, Refund_to_Source %.
6. Cost/GGR: usullar we üpjün edijiler boýunça.
7. Alerts panel: AR/latency şowsuzlyklaryň, zaýalanmalaryň top-kodlary.

9) SLO, alertler we pleýbuklar

• 'AR _ gross ↓> 3 p.p. 7 günlük mediana' → ALERT P1 (BIN/üpjün edijini/ASN barlaň).
• 'Capture _ Success <98% (sagat)' ýa-da 'Webhook p95> 5 c' → ALERT P1 (PSP-de retrailer/hadysalar).
• instant → ALERT P2 usullary boýunça 'TtR _ p95> maksat' (nobaty/çäkleri barlaň).
• `Refund_Error_Rate > 0. 5% 'ýa-da' Double _ Refund> 0 '→ ALERT P0 (awtomatiki refandlary doňdurmak, el bilen barlamak).

• BIN-pese gaçmak: alternatiw ekwaýeri goşmak, BIN üçin 3DS-challenge paýyny ýokarlandyrmak, "ECI" parametrleri bilen retra.
• Ulgam Soft Declines: akylly marşrut → PSP_B, N çenli gaýtalanmagy çäklendirmek, 3DS syýasatyny üýtgetmek.
• Capture gijikdirmeleri: fors-retrailer, webhuklara gol çekişligini barlamak, TTL-ni köpeltmek.
• Refund ýalňyşlyklary: idempotent açarlaryny açyň, paralel partial-refund, golly QA-ny dublikatlara çäklendiriň.

10) KPI-de töwekgelçiligi we komplaensi dolandyrmak

"Fraud _ Preblocked" we "Abandon _ 3DS" öçürilenden soň AR_clean hasabat beriň - bu siziň operasiýa AR-nyz, antifrod täsiri bilen garyşdyrmaň.
Refund_to_Source% - esasy düzgünleşdiriji KPI; kadadan çykmalar comp-approved.
Dispute/Chargeback Rate synanyşyklara däl-de, captured_amount baglanyşdyryň.

11) Ýygy-ýygydan ýalňyşlyklar

Bir paýda dürli bazalary jemlemek (attempt vs auth vs capture).
'ticket _ size' → AR boýunça ýalan netijeler boýunça bölünişigiň ýoklugy.
"User Abandon" -da 3DS → "emeli" pes AR hasaba alynmaýar.
Ýok 'idempotency _ key' na refund → dubly/maliýe ýitgileri.
Bir TtW/TtR metrinde payout we refund garyşdyrylmagy.

12) Girizmegiň gözegçilik çek-sanawy

• Ylalaşylan wakalar shemasy we KPI-nyň bitewi kesgitlemeleri.
• BIN/ýurtlar boýunça Heatmap we üpjün edijiler boýunça marşrut.
• Daşbord 3DS-friksiýa we abandon.
• SLA webhook, retrai, idempotentlik (auth/capture/refund).
• Refund saglygy boýunça hasabat we Refund_to_Source%.
• AR, Capture_Success, TtR, refund ýalňyşlyklary üçin töwekgelçilikler.
• Aýlyk R & O-syn: Cost/GGR, Disputes, FX-spreads, üpjün ediji-SLA.

13) Gysgaça mazmuny

Güýçli töleg kontury - her paý üçin dogry binýady bolan aç-açan huni, wakalaryň berk düzgüni, segmentasiýa we awtomatiki pleýbuklar. Dogry KPI töleg infrastrukturasyny ösüş güýjüne öwürýär: AR_net↑, TtC/TtR ↓, Cost/GGR ↓, Disputes ↓, üýtgemedik ýa-da kämilleşdirilen howpsuzlyk ýagdaýynda.