Smart-routing: kanallarni ustuvorlashtirish

Smart-routing: kanallarni ustuvorlashtirish

1) Nima uchun Smart-routing

Konversiyaning o’sishi: bank, BIN, qurilma va tavakkalchilik uchun "to’g" ri "PSP/usulni tanlash hisobiga Auth Rate-ga + 5-15 p.p.
Qiymatni pasaytirish: −, FX, 3DS, charjbek-xarajatlarni hisobga olishda effective rate ga 10-30 bps.
Barqarorlik: PSP/ACS/banklar ishlamay qolganda trafikning avtoyo’tishi; tanazzulni to’xtovsiz boshqarish.
Komplayens/RG: sanksiyalar, geo, yosh/o’z-o’zini istisno qilish, velocity-limitlar va KYT filtrlari.

2) Ustuvorlik uchun signallar va belgilar (features)

To’lov va bank

BIN/IIN, emitent bank, debet/kredit/oldindan to’langan; lokal/kross-border.
Tarixiy metriklar per bank/method: Auth Rate, Soft Decline share, p95 latency, nosozlikka chidamlilik.

Toʻlovchining profili

Geo/IP/ASN, qurilma/OS/brauzer/emulyatsiya, xulq-atvor namunalari, antifrodning xavf-tezligi, RG-maqom.

Tranzaksiya parametrlari

Summa/valyuta, FX, takroriy to’lov (MIT/COF), karta/hamyonning yangiligi, sessiyaning 3DS yangiligi.

Operatsion

Komissiyalar (MDR + scheme + 3DS + PSP fee), zaxira/xold, settlement tezligi, kanaldan foydalanish imkoniyati (health).

3) Ustuvorlikning skoring modeli

• Score(route) = w₁·P(approve) − w₂·Fee − w₃·LatencyPenalty + w₄·Health − w₅·RiskPenalty

• P (approve) - o’xshash profillar uchun bank tarixi/usuli bo’yicha ma’qullash ehtimoli.
• Fee - to’liq samarali cost/tranzaksiya (shu jumladan 3DS/FX).
• LatencyPenalty - r95> chegara uchun jarima.
• Health - oxirgi N daqiqadagi integral foydalanish/xato koʻrsatkichi.
• RiskPenalty - yuqori xavf/velocity/anomaliyalar uchun ustama.

Izoh

wᵢ og’irligi A/B-testlar va mintaqalar bo’yicha kalibrlanadi.
Marshrutlar orasida «sakrash» uchun «sovutish» davrlari va tekislashdan foydalaning.

4) Yo’naltirish qoidalari (decision flow)

1. Pre-check complayens: sanksiyalar/PER, yoshi, o’z-o’zini istisno qilish, geo-bloklar → agar o’tmasa, bir zumda rad etish.
2. Risk-skoring: device + xulq-atvor + to’lov tarixi → 3DS/SCA siyosatini tanlash.
3. Yo’nalish nomzodlari: PSP-A/PSP-B/lokal APM/open banking/muqobil hamyon.
4. Score (route) bo’yicha reyting; 1-urinish.
5. soft-decline-da Smart Retry: 3DS rejimini o’zgartirish (challenge frictionless), MID, taym-backoff; 2/3-urinish.
6. Xulq-atvor xavfi yoki tarmoq nosozliklarida Fallback APM/open banking.
7. Logistika: O’qitish/hisobot berish uchun Route Journal (PSP, reason, latency, 3DS, fee).

5) 3DS/SCA dinamikasi

Frictionless by default past tavakkalchilik/kichik cheklar va «isitilgan» COF/MIT uchun.
Yuqori xavf/BIN guruhlari/summa anomaliyalarida step-up challenge.
Fallback strategiyalari: ACS degradatsiyasi → challenge rate yoki open banking/APM ga o’tish; ommaviy timeouts uchun circuit-breaker qo’llaniladi.

6) Kanallar va evristika ustuvorligi (by region)

EC/UK: kartalar + open banking (SEPA Instant/FPS). Xaritalarda - qat’iy 3DS orkestratsiyasi, TRA/whitelisting, yuqori vaznli issuer-tarixchilar.
AQSh: + ACH/RTP kartalari, tezkor payouts ustuvorligi (OCT/RTP). PSP bilan chargeback tooling.
LATAM: Pix (BR), SPEI (MX), PSE (CO), vaucherlar. Yangi mijozlar va high-risk BIN uchun APM/open banking afzalligi.
Turkiya/OA/MEA: mahalliy pul o’tkazmalari/hamyonlar, qattiqroq sanksiyalar/AKT, velocity limitlari.
Osiyo/Hindiston: UPI/e-wallets, emitent banklar bo’yicha marshrutlash va sutka vaqti; limitlarni yupqa kesish.

7) Payout-routing (ko’zgu usullari)

Ustuvorliklar: tezlik (instant/near-instant) kanal qiymati.
KYT/AML/RG chiqishida: retensiyalar, velocity, vositalar manbai, qurilmalar/kartalar bog’lamalari, bank tanazzulga uchraganda navbatlar.
Failover: queued payouts, muqobil relslarga (RTP/FPS/SEPA Instant/Pix) oʻtish.

8) Strategiya soxta hujjati

on PaymentRequest(PI):
if!Compliance.pass(PI): return REJECT risk = Risk.score(PI)
policy3ds = ThreeDS.select(risk, PI)
candidates = Catalog.filter(PI.geo, PI.method, PI.bin, health_ok=True)

ranked = rank_by_score(candidates, PI, risk, policy3ds)
for route in ranked:
res = PSP.call(route, PI, policy3ds, idempotency_key=PI.key)
log(RouteJournal, route, res)
if res.approved: return APPROVE if is_soft_decline(res): policy3ds = tweak_3ds(policy3ds); continue if is_retryable(res): backoff(); continue return DECLINE

9) KPI va maqsadlar

Auth Rate (xaritalar): EU 85-92 %/US 80-88 %/LATAM 70-85% (tyuningdan keyin - yuqori koridor).
Routing Efficiency (konvertatsiya ÷ qiymat): 1-2 chorak uchun bazelinga + 5-10%.
p95 latency (auth): < 3 с; webhooks: < 60 с.
Circuit-break RTO: <2 min; RPO: 0 (idempotentlik hisobiga).
Share of Instant Payouts: ≥ 70% yengil cheklar.
Chargeback rate: < 0. count bo’yicha 5% (mahsulot/GEOga bog’liq).

10) A/B-dizayn va o’qitish

Split po GEO/BIN/metod; kamida 10k tranzaksiya/shoxobcha, 2-4 hafta.
Метрики: Auth Rate, challenge rate, post-3DS approvals, average fee, latency, decline mix, payout time.
Guardrails: retrajsiz nazorat guruhlari; anti-dreyf (unbiased baholash uchun yo’nalishni tanlashda tasodifiy «shovqin»).

11) Degradatsiya pleybuklari

Issuer spike (reason 05/51/62): BIN/bank → reroute uchun alt-PSP/APM uchun lokal circuit-breaker; challenge rate ko’tarish.
ACS timeouts/soft declines: ta’sirlangan banklar uchun «challenge-all» ni kiritish, ochiq banking ulushini ko’paytirish.
PSP-outage: global breaker, zaxira MIDs ga o’tkazish; qayta tiklashda trafikning 1-5% half-open kanareyka.
To’lovlarni kechiktirish: VIP/kichik summalarni ustuvorlashtirish, queued payouts, muqobil relslar.

12) Ma’lumotlar, jurnal va kuzatuv

Route Journal: PSP/MID, BIN/issuer, reason, latency, fee, 3DS mode, retry chain, итог.
Dashbordlar: Auth Rate (banklar/usullar bo’yicha), decline mix, p95 latency, 3DS success, payout SLA, health PSP.
Alertlar: spikes/latency ostonalari, tashqi maqom sahifalaridan signal, avtomatik breaker.

13) Joriy etish chek-varaqalari

Arxitektura/maʼlumotlar

• Yagona Payment Intent va barcha hops uchun qatʼiy idempotentlik.
• Tarozilari va SLA ostonalari bo’lgan yo’nalishlar katalogi; health-pinglar.
• Imzolangan webhooks, xom reason codes, Route Journal saqlash.

Qoidalar/xavfsizlik

• Yo’naltirishdan oldin komplayens-filtrlar (sanksiyalar/yoshi/o’zini istisno qilish).
• 3DS siyosati: TRA/whitelisting/step-up; ACS degradatsiyasida fallback.
• Circuit-breakers lokal/global; canary-qaytarish.

Operatsiyalar/KPI

• A/B-ramka, guardrails, tarozilarni muntazam qayta kalibrlash.
• Auth Rate, latency, costs, payouts bo’yicha maqsadlar; QBR с PSP.
• Runbooks hodisalar va RACI eskalatsiyalar.

14) Iqtisodiyot: «arzon» marshrutni qanday hisoblash kerak

Effective rate = (MDR + scheme + 3DS + PSP fees + FX + chargeback cost − rebates) / Approved Volume.
Xavf-ustama qo’shing: high-risk kanallari charjbek-ekspozitsiya va/holdback zaxiralarini qimmatlashtiradi.

15) Jami

Smart-routing - bu ma’lumotlar + qoidalar + barqarorlik. Signallarning to’liq ko’rinishi (bank/BIN, xavf, narx, kanal sog’lig’i), dinamik 3DS siyosati va aniq degradatsiya pleybuklaridan foydalaning. Muntazam A/B kalibrlash va shaffof KPI yo’nalishni «qora sehr» dan P&L, RG va komplayensning boshqariladigan dastagiga aylantiradi.